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Termites are less likely to be attacked by fleas than bees, wasps and ants, as they're usually well protected in their mounds.122 Nevertheless, termites are infected by many different parasites. A few of these include dipteran flies,123 Pyemotes mites, and also a high number of nematode parasites. Many nematode parasites are in the order Rhabditida; many others are in the genus Mermis, Diplogaster aerivora and Harteria gallinarum.
M. anispliae is known to weaken the termite immune system. Infection with A. nomius only occurs when a colony is under great stress. .
Termites are infected by viruses including Entomopoxvirinae and the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus.130131
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Foraging behaviour depends on the type of termite. By way of example, certain species feed on the wood constructions that they inhabit, and others harvest food that is near the nest.132 Most employees are seldom found out in the open, and do not forage unprotected; they rely on sheeting and runways to protect them from predators.
When they find a food source, they communicate to other soldiers and a tiny force of workers starts to emerge. In the second phase, employees appear in large numbers at the website. The next phase is marked by a drop in the number of soldiers present and an increase in the number of employees.136 Isolated researchers may engage in Lvy flight behaviour within an optimised strategy for finding their nestmates or foraging for food.137.
Competition between two colonies always results in agonistic behaviour towards each other, resulting in fights. These struggles can lead to mortality on both sides and, in some cases, the gain or loss of territory.138139"Cemetery pits" may be present, where the bodies of dead termites are buried.140
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Studies show that when termites encounter each other in foraging areas, some of the termites intentionally block passages to prevent other termites from entering.134141 Dead termites from different colonies found in exploratory tunnels leads to the isolation of the region and thus the need to construct new tunnels.142 Conflict between two opponents does not necessarily occur.
Since C. formosanus colonies may get into physical conflict, some termites squeeze tightly into foraging tunnels and perish, successfully blocking the tunnel and ending all of agonistic activities.144.
Among the reproductive caste, neotenic queens can compete with each other to be the dominant queen when there are no primary reproductives. This struggle among the queens leads to the elimination of all but a single queen, which, together with all the king, accepts over the colony.145
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Ants and termites may compete with each other for nesting space. In particular, ants that prey on termites normally have a negative impact on arboreal nesting species.146
Most termites are blind, so communication primarily occurs through chemical, mechanical and pheromonal cues.41134 These means of communication are employed in a variety of activities, including foraging, locating reproductives, construction of nests, recognition of nestmates, nuptial flight, and locating and fighting enemies, and defending the nests.41134 The most common method of communicating is via antennation.134 A number of pheromones are known, including contact pheromones (that can be transmitted when workers are engaged in trophallaxis or grooming) and alarm, path and sex pheromones.
Route review pheromones are Check Out Your URL secreted in the sternal gland, and sex pheromones derive from two glandular sources: the sternal and tergal glands.41 When termites go out to search for meals, they forage in columns along the ground through vegetation. A trail can be identified by the faecal residue or runways which are covered by objects.
When termites construct their from this source nests, they utilize predominantly indirect communication. No single termite would be in charge of any specific construction project. Individual termites respond rather than think, but in a group level, they display a type of collective cognition. Particular structures or other items such as pellets of soil or pillars cause termites to start building.
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The result is a self-organised process where the information that sends termite activity results in changes in the environment rather than from direct contact among individuals.134.
Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through compound communication and gut symbionts: compounds consisting of hydrocarbons discharged from the cuticle permit the recognition of alien termite species.148149 Each colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is a result of genetic and environmental factors like the termites' diet andThe composition of these bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.
Termites rely on alert communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be discharged when the nest has been breached or is being attacked by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites always avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Additional methods of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids from the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.